Where are air vents required in a hydronic piping system?

In a hydronic piping system, air vents are essential for maintaining proper system function and efficiency. They are required at each transfer device, such as pumps and heat exchangers, and at each high point in the piping system to effectively release trapped air. When air becomes trapped in the system, it can cause a range of issues, including reduced heating efficiency, increased wear on mechanical components, and even potential damage to the system. By placing air vents at these critical locations, any accumulated air can be effectively removed, ensuring optimal circulation of water and consistent heating performance throughout the entire system. This strategic placement of vents helps maintain a reliable and efficient hydronic heating system.